He combined vertical and horizontal integration.
The correct answer is b) articles of confederation
The articles did not deal with human rights and welfare because they were mostly about establishing a government to begin with. When things such as state and individual rights started popping up, they abandoned it and adopted the US constitution with the bill of rights.
It was caused due to political conflict such as social inequality, tax burden, the rise of the bourgeoisie and financial crisis.
Answer: Sorry your photo is not clear enough to read but when trying to make it out i think it would be B
Explanation: