Answer:
a. substantia nigra
b. substantia nigra (it is repeated)
Explanation:
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that is caused by the death of neurons that release the neurotransmitter dopamine in the <u>substantia nigra</u>, or locus niger, -a region of the brain that regulates brain circuits that give the 'orders' to initiate voluntary movements- .
The lack of this neurotransmitter leads to the occurrence of the main symptoms suffered by patients: decreased movements, muscle stiffness, postural instability and tremor. These failures are generated by the abnormal way in which neurons work in the absence of dopamine through a mechanism that is not known in depth.
It is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease, after Alzheimer's disease, with a prevalence of 2% in people over 65 years. The characteristic symptoms of stiffness, bradykinesia and tremor are associated with losses of neurons in the substantia nigra and dopamine depletion in the striatum. There are large cytoplasmic inclusions, called Lewy bodies, which are the pathological mark of the disease and appear predominantly in neurons that contain melanin of the nigra substance. Genetic studies in a subgroup of families with Parkinson's disease with autosomal dominant inheritance found a locus on chromosome 4q-21 23 and a mutation in the gene that encodes a synaptic protein, α-synuclein.
Answer:
In North America, around June 21, Earth tilts on its axis toward the sun, which is Summer Solstice and when the Northern Hemisphere has the most daylight of any time of year. Winter solstice the Northern Hemisphere tilts the farthest away from the sun and when we have the least amount of daylight of any time of the year.
Explanation:
As Earth revolves around the Sun, it rotates on its axis. Sometimes Earth tilts toward the Sun which is when Summer occurs. In the Winter Earth tilts away from the Sun.
Answer:
Hello. You did not enter the answer options, but the factor that most directly influences a measurable result in an experiment is the manipulation of the variables.
Explanation:
In an experiment, the manipulation of variables becomes highly important so that it is possible to measure, that is, evaluate the result. This is because it is the variables that express values that represent the characteristics that are being analyzed and studied within the experiment. Therefore, the manipulation between them must be done in a very rational and balanced way so as not to modify the values shown by them, changing the data and generating false or immeasurable data.
The process by which organisms create sugars (specifically glucose) from non-carbohydrate precursors is known as gluconeogenesis.
- The only energy source used by the brain, testes, erythrocytes, and renal medulla is glucose, with the exception of ketone bodies during fasting. There are three highly exergonic stages in glycolysis. Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase are among the enzymes involved in these additional regulatory stages. In biological processes, both forward and backward reactions are possible.
- Similar to glycolysis, but with the process going the other way, is gluconeogenesis. Fructose-1,6-bP, glucose-6-P, and pyruvate all undergo fairly spontaneous conversions in the process of gluconeogenesis, which is why these reactions are tightly controlled.
- For the organism to function properly, energy conservation is crucial. Gluconeogenesis is suppressed when there is an abundance of energy available.
Therefore, gluconeogenesis conserve more energy.
Learn more about gluconeogenesis:
brainly.com/question/1425339
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Answer:
The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can be done by digestive enzymes, hydrochloric acid. Mechanical digestion in the stomach results in the formation of bolus.
Explanation:
i hope this will help you :)
