DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). <span>DNA bases pair up with each other, A with T and C with G, to form units called base pairs. Each base is also attached to a sugar molecule and a phosphate molecule. Together, a base, sugar, and phosphate are called a nucleotide. Nucleotides are arranged in two long strands that form a spiral called a double helix. The structure of the double helix is somewhat like a ladder, with the base pairs forming the ladder’s rungs and the sugar and phosphate molecules forming the vertical sidepieces of the ladder.</span>
The correct answer is: b. It is free to bind to another promoter and begin transcription
Transcription is the first step of gene expression in which DNA molecule is copied (transcribed) into RNA (mRNA) by RNA polymerase. The process of transcription is divided into three phases:
1. Initiation
• RNA polymerase with transcriptional factors bind to gene promoter
• RNA polymerase unwinds DNA double helix (transcription bubble is formed)
2. Elongation
• RNA polymerases adds nucleotides complementary to DNA
3. Termination
• RNA polymerase gets to stop codon (transcribes a sequence of DNA known as a terminator)
• Formed complementary RNA strand is released from DNA-RNA complex.
RNA polymerase is also released and can transcribe some other gene by binding to its promotor. RNA polymerase will transcribe just the genes whose products are needed at a particular moment.
Explanation:
The small number behind each element symbol designates the number of atoms of each element in a chemical formula. If there is no number, it is assumed there is only one of those elements. A large number designates how many units there are of that compound.
<span>B. The overuse of antibiotics. </span>Antibiotics have tremendously helped in in treating infectious diseases but throughout the years, overuse of antibiotics has also been found to contribute in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant diseases, which makes all of us vulnerable because of the lack of treatment for these new strains.
The correct answer is C. Prevention of eating disorders involves weighing often.
Explanation:
Eating disorders include multiple disorders that involve unhealthy eating habits as well as thoughts and emotions related to them. Individuals who suffer from these disorders constantly worry about their weight and appearance or have an unhealthy relationship with food, for example, individuals with anorexia or bulimia tend to believe they are "fat" even if they had low weight.
Due to this, weighing often is not a way of preventing eating disorders as this behavior just supports an unhealthy obsession with weight and appearance that can lead to eating disorders, instead, a balanced diet should be promoted and risk factors such as depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, etc should be addressed. Thus, the false statement is "Prevention of eating disorders involves weighing often".
