The difference between the meanings of combining forms spondyl/o and vertebr/o is spondyl/o and vertebr/o both mean vertebra. There is no difference because they are both vertebra.
Spondyl/o is a combining form meaning vertebrae. The two combining forms for vertebrae bones of the spine, are vertebr/o and spondyl/o.
Typically it'd be called spawning or in some cases it could be called "roe".
So either "spawn" or "roe".
Mammalian fertilization comprises sperm migration through the female reproductive tract, biochemical and morphological changes to sperm, and sperm-egg interaction in the oviduct. Recent gene knockout approaches in mice have revealed that many factors previously considered important for fertilization are largely dispensable, or if they are essential, they have an unexpected function. These results indicate that what has been observed in in vitro fertilization (IVF) differs significantly from what occurs during “physiological” fertilization. This Review focuses on the advantages of studying fertilization using gene-manipulated animals and highlights an emerging molecular mechanism of mammalian fertilization.
The public is upset with the farms’ unnatural farming practices.
