Answer:
The correct answer will be option-B.
Explanation:
<em>Homo neanderthelensis</em> or Neanderthals are the close relatives of the <em>Homo sapiens</em> or modern humans which became extinct around 10,000 years ago.
The Neanderthals and sapiens are the two related species of the same genus Homo but they showed distinct features like Neanderthals were muscular and shorter in height compared to the <em>Homo sapiens</em>. Recent fossils indicated that Neanderthals and<em> Homo sapiens</em> interbreed in some parts of the world as they were closely related to each other.
Thus, Option-B is the correct answer.
Most fish exchange gases using gills<span> on either side of the </span>pharynx<span> (throat). Gills are tissues which consist of threadlike protein structures called </span>filaments. These filaments have many functions including the transfer of ions and water, as well as the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, acids and ammonia.<span>Each filament contains a </span>capillary<span> network that provides a large </span>surface area<span> for exchanging </span>oxygen<span> and </span>carbon dioxide<span>. Fish exchange gases by pulling oxygen-rich water through their mouths and pumping it over their gills. In some fish, capillary blood flows in the opposite direction to the water, causing </span>countercurrent exchange<span>. The gills push the oxygen-poor water out through openings in the sides of the pharynx. Some fish, like </span>sharks<span> and </span>lampreys<span>, possess multiple gill openings.</span>
Answer:
destruction of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells, or the destruction of intracellular pathogens by macrophage
Explanation:
A cell-mediated immune response is an immune response that does not involve antibodies. Cell-mediated immune responses involve the destruction of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells, or the destruction of pathogens by macrophages.
The answer cannot be either of the options involving B cells, as these are involved in the antibody response. The cytotoxic T cells are what actually destroy the infected cells (not helper T cells). Therefore, the answer is destruction of infected cells by cytotoxic T cells, or the destruction of intracellular pathogens by macrophage
