The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States ('XIV Amendment') is one of the post-Civil War amendments, and includes, among others, the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause. It was proposed on June 13, 1866, and ratified on July 9, 1868.
The amendment provides a broad definition of national citizenship, which overrides the decision of Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), who had excluded slaves and their descendants, from possessing constitutional rights. It requires states to provide equal protection before the law to all persons (not just citizens) within their jurisdictions. The importance of the Fourteenth Amendment was exemplified when it was interpreted to prohibit racial segregation in public schools in the Brown v. Case. Board of Education.
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In the twentieth century, urban areas were defined as communities of more than 2,500
Explanation:
During the Civil War, American cities expanded even faster as industrialisation and globalisation began. By the turn of the 20th century, the US eastern coast towns were almost inconceivable, and many of their inhabitants were still living in misery. Often extremely corrupt is their local government, police forces, and companies.
Apart from this increase of urbanisation, the US has become more and more global since its foundation. More than 3/5 of the US population today resides in an urban area (usually defined as an integrated region with a minimum population of 2,500) and much less than a quarter is living in a rural area.
