It's some change in the conditions around the organism, which the organism can detect and respond to. A change in temperature, more light, or something physically poking the organism are examples.
larger and cooler I think or larger and warmer
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, so it's an acid
When there isn't enough room in the cell for two complete molecules of DNA, the prokaryote stops replication and undergoes cell division.