Based solely on the situation given, the most correct answer is (b) DSM requires a recurrent pattern of problematic use. DSM<span>-IV Criteria for </span>Alcohol<span> Abuse states that "</span>alcohol<span> abuse" should be manifested by plenty of factors, including: RECURRING </span>alcohol<span>-related legal problems.</span>
Force and displacement must be present according to formula and if asking about components then maybe X and Y
Caffeine works as an adenosine receptor antagonists, this essentially means that it works in the opposite manner or works against the receptor. Think of antagonist in the term of literature it goes against the agonist. Adenosine when bond to the receptor causes tiredness, this is the reason why people drink caffeine to stay wake and to prevent cognitive decline from exhaustion. So caffeine doesn’t really effect learning or memory to a large extent like other stimulants do. So basically caffeine increases wakefulness which in turn allows a person to focus longer, slight increase in memory, and more of a sorted out thought process.
