Answer:
Diffusion forces protons to travel through ATP synthase because the membrane is not permeable to protons
Explanation:
ATP synthase is the enzyme that allow the production of ATP from adenosine diphosphate. The ATP synthase allows is the protein found in the cell membrane, which allow protons to pass through the membrane.
The concentration gradient can be compared to diffusion of water where particles move from region of higher concentration to lower concentration through a permeable membrane
In this case, the concentration gradient will force the proton through the membrane , so that, the free energy can be used by ADP to produce ATP.
Answer:
2) These currents help regulate air temperatures and, therefore, the global climate, counteracting the uneven distribution of solar radiation reaching Earth
Explanation:
The ocean currents are part of the hydrosphere. They receive warmth from the sunlight. They warm up at the lower latitudes, and cool off at the higher latitudes. The ocean currents are in constant movement though, and they warm up the higher latitudes, and cool down the lower latitudes. The warming up and cooling off of the temperatures goes through the radiation of energy from the ocean currents. That radiation goes to the air masses, thus there is a transfer of energy from the hydrosphere tot he atmosphere. This transfer of energy between these two spheres helps to balance and modify the climate around the globe.
I believe lactic acid fermentation is used for all three!