Explanation:
Mutations increase variation within a population.
During the process of cell division, spontaneous changes within the genome can arise. These mutations are errors occur when copies of the DNA within the cell are made; mutations may range from small changes called single nucleotide polymorphisms, to large scale deletions, and additions which span multiple genes. There are two types:
- somatic: these only occur within certain cells, and arise from environmental factors such as UV light
- hereditary: occur within germ cells of the parent and later the fertilized egg which forms a zygote; these are present within all cells of the new organism.
Further Explanation:
During reproduction other events, such as crossing over during mitosis and meiosis, mutations lead to increases in genetic variation. This variation refers to the genetic characteristics present within a species. Mutations may be either beneficial or deleterious; they are maintained within cells, as they form new traits called alleles. Beneficial mutations may confer traits that increase the fitness of a species, along with ensuring survival by conferring a protective advantage- these phenotypic differences between organisms are called adaptations.
Sequences of DNA make up genes which can have different forms called alleles. DNA, which makes up the genotype, is transcribed into mRNA and later translated into amino acids which are linked together by rRNA to form proteins which make up the phenotype of an organism.Mutations in DNA sequences affect the corresponding mRNA and thus the protein encoded.
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Answer:
Sequence of nucleotides in the DNA strand
Explanation:
Deoxyribonuceic acid or DNA is a biological material that stores the genetic information of an organism.
DNA encodes the information through the order or sequence of the nuceotides along each strand. Organisms differ from one another because their respective DNA molecule have different nucleotide sequences and consequently, carry different biological instructions.
A DNA strand consists of two polynucleotide chains, composed of four nucleotide subunits. Each of these chains is known as DNA strand. Hydrogen bonds between the base portions of the nucleotides hold the two chains together. DNA nucleotides are composed of a 5-carbon sugar (Deoxyribose) to which are attached one phosphate group and a nitrogenous base (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Thymine). The nucleotides are covalently linked together.
Answer:
cell wall provides protection and structural support
Biological structures like DNA, proteins and cells all depend on molecules. ... Neurotransmitters like epinephrine are pretty simple molecules, but without them our nervous system couldn't work. Oxygen, containing just two oxygen atoms, is a very simple molecule, and it is certainly essential to living things.
It is transplanted routinely to treat a variety of blood and bone marrow diseases, blood cancers, and immune disorders. More recently, stem cells from the blood stream (called peripheral blood stem cells) and umbilical cord stem cells have been used to treat some of the same blood-based diseases
