In the <em>Lochner v. New York</em> case of 1905, the Supreme Court ruled that states could not <u>impose limits on the number of hours that employees could work.</u>
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A law passed in 1895 in the state of New York mandated that bakery employees could not work more than 10 hours a day and not more than 60 hours in a week. A bakery owner named Joseph Lochner filed suit against the state, claiming the law was unconstitutional. At the time, the Supreme Court decision was based on the idea that such laws violated an employee's "freedom of contract." The majority of justices saw such a right implicit in the due process clause of the 14th Amendment, thinking that if employees agreed to work a heavy number of hours it was their right to do so.
In the time since the Lochner case, the Supreme Court has gone in the other direction, allowing laws that impose reasonable restrictions on businesses. An example would be <em>West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish </em>(1937), which upheld the constitutionality of a minimum wage law passed in Washington state.
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The colonies' relationship was altered by increased interaction and a lack of care and representation from Britain.
<h3>
How did the colonial era affect the relationship between Britain and her colonies?</h3>
To address their financial problems, the British used taxes on the colonies. However, because they were not represented in Parliament, the colonies utilized non-importation pacts to persuade Britain to remove the laws. Merchants signed non-importation agreements pledging not to purchase goods from England. Britain has gotten progressively worse over time at maintaining the happiness of its colonies. By the end, colonists had lost any sense of solidarity with Britain, their motherland. Lack of representation and concern from Britain led to the decline in British colonial ties in the late 1700s.
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