Answer:
$710.84 million
Explanation:
Net income = $35 million
Depreciation = $20 million
Capital expenditures = $7 million
Tax rate = 21%
D/E ratio = 0.4
Growth rate = 6%
Equity beta = 1.25
So, firm's asset beta = Equity beta/(1 + D/E*(1-T))
= 1.25/(1 + 0.4*(1-0.21))
= 0.94985
So, Free Cash Flow to the Firm= NI + Depreciation - Capital expenditures
= 35 + 20 - 7
= $48 million
Risk free rate Rf = 5%
Market risk premium = 7.5%
So, firm cost of capital using CAPM is Rf + Beta*(MRP)
Kc = 5 + 0.94985*7.5
Kc = 12.1239
So, Firms value using constant dividend growth model:
FV = FCF*(1+g)/(Kc-g)
FV = 48*1.06 / 0.121239-0.06
FV = 50.88 / 0.061239
FV = 830.8430901876255
FV = $830.84 million
Debt = $120 million
Market Value of equity = FV - Debt
Market Value of equity = $830.84 million - $120 million
Market Value of equity = $710.84 million
Answer:
It describes the problem of transaction costs and negotiation.
Explanation:
Externalities are situations that arise when the activities of an organization affects another for good or bad, but with the first organization that caused the change, receiving no benefits (if it was a positive change), or bearing no costs (if it as a negative change).
Ronald Coase proposed some theories about the possible solutions to externalities. One of them is negotiation between the two parties involved. The problem with this solution is the high costs of transaction that could be spent before an agreement is reached. The number of people involved in the negotiation could also be a problem.
Answer:
market operations ? markets have operations?
