C--George Pullman
George Pullman owned the Pullman Rail car Company in Chicago. His company was center to one of the largest strikes in American history in 1894.
George Pullman created Pullman Company Town which house the factory, homes for workers, a store, a school, a church, and hotel for guests of Pullman. The workers were required to live there while Pullman controlled both pay and rent prices. Workers held a strike in 1894 reacting as Gompers describes in the quote--they had no problem with making money, but rather the treatment they were experiencing by Pullman. This strike stopped all rail cars in the US and eventually President Cleveland sent the army to bring the strike down.
The scientific breakthrough that Charles Darwin's conclusions lead to the theory of evolution, that everything evolved from a common ancestor.
Your answer is: Theory of Evolution
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The Supreme Court has no power to enforce its decisions. It cannot call out the troops or compel Congress or the president to obey. The Court relies on the executive and legislative branches to carry out its rulings. In some cases, the Supreme Court has been unable to enforce its rulings.
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/american-government/the-judiciary/the-supreme-court-in-operation