Answer:
thermodynamically unstable but kinetically stable.
Explanation:
The complete question is as follows:
Under physiological conditions, peptide bond formation and degradation both require enzymes, but only formation requires coupling to GTP hydrolysis. Based on this information, peptide bonds under physiological conditions are:
A. both thermodynamically and kinetically stable.
B.thermodynamically unstable but kinetically stable.
C.thermodynamically stable but kinetically unstable.
D. both thermodynamically and kinetically unstable.
- The term thermodynamically unstable refers to the fact that the peptide bonds are prone to breakage under physiological conditions.
- The reason why one can conclude the thermodynamic instability of the peptide bonds under physiological condition is that there is a need for a source of energy i.e. GTP hydrolysis for the formation of the peptide bond.
- The fact that the breakage of peptide does not require any input of energy but the only formation does confirms the fact that under physiological conditions they are thermodynamically unstable.
- Even though they are thermodynamically unstable, they are kinetically stable because both the formation and degradation require enzymes.
- The function of enzymes is to decrease the activation energy and hence, increase the rate of reaction. This means that if the enzymes are absent the rate of breakage of peptide bonds would be really slow this points out to the fact that they are kinetically stable under physiological conditions.
The correct answer is: daughter cells will have abnormal chromosome numbers and this condition is called aneuploidy.
Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes (or sister chromatids) to separate during the process of cell division and consequently lead to aneuploidy. There are three forms of nondisjunction:
• Nondisjunction in meiosis I (pair of homologous chromosomes unable to separate in meiosis I),
• Nondisjunction in meiosis I (sister chromatids unable to separate during meiosis II), and
• Nondisjunction in mitosis (failure of sister chromatids to separate during mitosis)
Answer:
Sand, Silt and Clay
Explanation:
The sand is most coarse so it deposits easier and more often than the clay being finest, but there would still be clay just less of it than sand
The correct answer is - increased competition.
If an ecosystem experiences an increase in its biodiversity, than the result of it would be increased competition. The increased competition will be for food sources, water sources, territory. The reason why increased competition will occur is that there are only limited mounts of food sources, water sources, and territory in the ecosystem. There's also certain amount of niches in the ecosystem, and once all of them are occupied by some species, any other that is specialized for that niche will be competitor plus. This increased competition will lead to high evolutionary pressure, which will result in relatively quick adaptations and specialization in order to survive.
