Question

How did Judaism differ from other faiths of the same time period

Answer 1

It focused on monotheism instead of polytheism

Answer 2

It focused on monotheism instead of polytheism. Judaism religion only focused on one God and was very different from various religions during the ancient times and in the same period. They only had YHWH, as God. The description of this follows as YHWH instituted the laws, known as the Ten Commandments. And its laws as it states the first commandment: 
There is no other gods other than YHWH. In which this verifies the divergence of the Judaism religion.... I hope this helps ^-^