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Snowcat [4.5K]
4 years ago
9

Andrew is buying three different colors of tiles for his kitchen floor. he is buying 50 more purple tiles than black tiles, and

five times as many yellow tiles as black tiles. if Andrew buys 400 tiles altogether, how many tiles of each color does he buy?
Mathematics
1 answer:
lorasvet [3.4K]4 years ago
4 0
- Key -

Black tiles = x
Purple tiles = x+50
Yellow tiles = 5x

-

Total = x + x+50 + 5x = 400
⇒ 7x + 50 = 400
⇒ 7x = 400-50 = 350
⇒ x = 350/7
⇒ x = 50

Black tiles = 50
Purple tiles = 50+50 = 100
Yellow tiles = 5 x 50 = 250
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A tank contains 180 gallons of water and 15 oz of salt. water containing a salt concentration of 17(1+15sint) oz/gal flows into
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Let A(t) denote the amount of salt (in ounces, oz) in the tank at time t (in minutes, min).

Salt flows in at a rate of

\dfrac{dA}{dt}_{\rm in} = \left(17 (1 + 15 \sin(t)) \dfrac{\rm oz}{\rm gal}\right) \left(8\dfrac{\rm gal}{\rm min}\right) = 136 (1 + 15 \sin(t)) \dfrac{\rm oz}{\min}

and flows out at a rate of

\dfrac{dA}{dt}_{\rm out} = \left(\dfrac{A(t) \, \mathrm{oz}}{180 \,\mathrm{gal} + \left(8\frac{\rm gal}{\rm min} - 8\frac{\rm gal}{\rm min}\right) (t \, \mathrm{min})}\right) \left(8 \dfrac{\rm gal}{\rm min}\right) = \dfrac{A(t)}{180} \dfrac{\rm oz}{\rm min}

so that the net rate of change in the amount of salt in the tank is given by the linear differential equation

\dfrac{dA}{dt} = \dfrac{dA}{dt}_{\rm in} - \dfrac{dA}{dt}_{\rm out} \iff \dfrac{dA}{dt} + \dfrac{A(t)}{180} = 136 (1 + 15 \sin(t))

Multiply both sides by the integrating factor, e^{t/180}, and rewrite the left side as the derivative of a product.

e^{t/180} \dfrac{dA}{dt} + e^{t/180} \dfrac{A(t)}{180} = 136 e^{t/180} (1 + 15 \sin(t))

\dfrac d{dt}\left[e^{t/180} A(t)\right] = 136 e^{t/180} (1 + 15 \sin(t))

Integrate both sides with respect to t (integrate the right side by parts):

\displaystyle \int \frac d{dt}\left[e^{t/180} A(t)\right] \, dt = 136 \int e^{t/180} (1 + 15 \sin(t)) \, dt

\displaystyle e^{t/180} A(t) = \left(24,480 - \frac{66,096,000}{32,401} \cos(t) + \frac{367,200}{32,401} \sin(t)\right) e^{t/180} + C

Solve for A(t) :

\displaystyle A(t) = 24,480 - \frac{66,096,000}{32,401} \cos(t) + \frac{367,200}{32,401} \sin(t) + C e^{-t/180}

The tank starts with A(0) = 15 oz of salt; use this to solve for the constant C.

\displaystyle 15 = 24,480 - \frac{66,096,000}{32,401} + C \implies C = -\dfrac{726,594,465}{32,401}

So,

\displaystyle A(t) = 24,480 - \frac{66,096,000}{32,401} \cos(t) + \frac{367,200}{32,401} \sin(t) - \frac{726,594,465}{32,401} e^{-t/180}

Recall the angle-sum identity for cosine:

R \cos(x-\theta) = R \cos(\theta) \cos(x) + R \sin(\theta) \sin(x)

so that we can condense the trigonometric terms in A(t). Solve for R and θ :

R \cos(\theta) = -\dfrac{66,096,000}{32,401}

R \sin(\theta) = \dfrac{367,200}{32,401}

Recall the Pythagorean identity and definition of tangent,

\cos^2(x) + \sin^2(x) = 1

\tan(x) = \dfrac{\sin(x)}{\cos(x)}

Then

R^2 \cos^2(\theta) + R^2 \sin^2(\theta) = R^2 = \dfrac{134,835,840,000}{32,401} \implies R = \dfrac{367,200}{\sqrt{32,401}}

and

\dfrac{R \sin(\theta)}{R \cos(\theta)} = \tan(\theta) = -\dfrac{367,200}{66,096,000} = -\dfrac1{180} \\\\ \implies \theta = -\tan^{-1}\left(\dfrac1{180}\right) = -\cot^{-1}(180)

so we can rewrite A(t) as

\displaystyle A(t) = 24,480 + \frac{367,200}{\sqrt{32,401}} \cos\left(t + \cot^{-1}(180)\right) - \frac{726,594,465}{32,401} e^{-t/180}

As t goes to infinity, the exponential term will converge to zero. Meanwhile the cosine term will oscillate between -1 and 1, so that A(t) will oscillate about the constant level of 24,480 oz between the extreme values of

24,480 - \dfrac{267,200}{\sqrt{32,401}} \approx 22,995.6 \,\mathrm{oz}

and

24,480 + \dfrac{267,200}{\sqrt{32,401}} \approx 25,964.4 \,\mathrm{oz}

which is to say, with amplitude

2 \times \dfrac{267,200}{\sqrt{32,401}} \approx \mathbf{2,968.84 \,oz}

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