A point mutation or substitution is a genetic mutation where a single nucleotide base is changed, inserted or deleted from a sequence of DNA or RNA. Point mutations have a variety of effects on the downstream protein product—consequences that are moderately predictable based upon the specifics of the mutation.
Hope this helps
The birth rate of the endangered species of whale is given by the function f(t), where t is time in years. The death rate of the species of whale is given by the function g(t). The surviving numbers of the endangered species of the whale can be figured out by looking at the difference between the birth rate and the death rate. This growth rate is given by the function, y(t) = f(t) - g(t). The recovery of an endangered species can be assessed by the slope of the growth rate function. Negative slope indicates higher deaths and positive slope indicates more births.
I think the charge is two negatives or -2