The synthesis of ATP is based on energy conversion, via conformational changes of the subunits.
A proton gradient on either side of the membrane into which the ATP synthases are inserted is necessary for their operation, which implies that the synthesis of ATP can not be done independently of a membrane. Within the mitochondrial inner membrane, it is the respiratory chain that provides the pH gradient by injecting protons into the intermembrane space during the transfer of electrons from one complex to another. At the level of the thylakoid membrane, it is the photosynthetic chain that injects protons into the lumen.
<h2>Answer:</h2>
The pH of the pond water and survival rate of animal species living in the pond has a direct relationship with each other. Animal species can survive at a specific level of pH"Optimum pH" at which these species can show their maximum activity.
If we decrease the pH the pond water will become more acidic and it will become challenging for species to survive in the acidic environment and if we increase the pH the water becomes more alkaline and again it affects the marine life. So, the pH of pond water should be in normal ranges.
The mantle is composed of dense<span>, rocky material which ranges from being virtually solid near the </span>lower<span> boundary with the </span>core<span>, to more squidgy towards the boundary with the overlying </span>layer<span>, the crust . Mantle material is </span>less dense than<span> the </span>core<span>, but still </span>denser than the outer layers<span> of the earth.</span>
Answer:
a
Explanation:
all cells do not contain a nucleus
