Answer:
A.) <em>Experience listeners are better able to comprehend accented speech, regardless of the type of accent (Gass & Varonis, 2018). </em>
Explanation:
APA guidelines state that an in-text citation includes the last name of the authors only, this way less space is taken, and it's still easy to understand. Other than that the year of publication also has to be included, for further clarity, separated with a comma since is a different piece of information.
The list you look for is a). The verb 'to go' is an irregular verb because it completely changes its form in the past: went - gone.
I think the word "has" is the main verb
The origin of this nickname is often disputed, but many believe it originated in the 1920s from John J. Fitz Gerald, a sports writer for the New York Morning Telegraph
