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John H. Clark and Oliver Wendell Holmes disagreed on the Espionage Act of 1917, which punished anyone who opposed US participation in the Great War. For Clark, anti-war pamphlets and advertisements harmed the US and endangered national integrity. For Holmes, it is fully guaranteed by constitutional freedom, any stances contrary to an attitude of the central government.
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Yes, I agree with the other person - absolutism is the political system in which a ruler holds total power.
It means that the ruler can pretty much do whatever he or she wishes to do, because they are not constrained by laws or any other political body. This type of government is very similar to dictatorship and totalitarianism.
Senate and a house of representatives
Need more context. They imposed it because they think they are the superior untainted race. They believed they were the strongest smartest fastest humans and other races were inferior.