B,C,E
The Oregon Trail led pioneers to rich farmlands, where they settled.
The California Trail split off from the Oregon Trail at the Rocky Mountains.
The California Trail attracted mainly pioneers seeking gold, especially after 1848.
The Europeans called him "The Magnificent," but the Ottomans called him Kanuni, or "The Lawgiver." The Suleymanie Mosque, built for Suleyman, describes Suleyman in its inscription as Nashiru kawanin al-Sultaniyye , or "Propagator of the Sultanic Laws." The primacy of Suleyman as a law-giver is at the foundation of his place in Islamic history and world view. It is perhaps important to step back a moment and closely examine this title to fully understand Suleyman's place in history.
The word used for law here, kanun, has a very specific reference. In Islamic tradition, the Shari'ah, or laws originally derived from the Qur'an , are meant to be universally applied across all Islamic states. No Islamic ruler has the power to overturn or replace these laws. So what laws was Suleyman "giving" to the Islamic world? What precisely does kanun refer to since it doesn't refer to the main body of Islamic law, the Shari'ah ?
The kanun refer to situational decisions that are not covered by the Shari'ah . Even though the Shari'ah provides all necessary laws, it's recognized that some situations fall outside their parameters. In Islamic tradition, if a case fell outside the parameters of the Shari'ah , then a judgement or rule in the case could be arrived at through analogy with rules or cases that are covered by the Shari'ah . This method of juridical thinking was only accepted by the most liberal school of Shari'ah , Hanifism, so it is no surprise that Hanifism dominated Ottoman law.
The Ottomans, however, elevated kanun into an entire code of laws independent of the Shari'ah. The first two centuries of Ottoman rule, from 1350 to 1550, saw an explosion of kanun rulings and laws, so that by the beginning of the sixteenth century, the kanun were a complete and independent set of laws that by and large were more important than the Shari'ah . This unique situation was brought about in part because of the unique heritage of the Ottomans. In both Turkish and Mongol traditions, the imperial law, or law pronounced by the monarch, was considered sacred. They even had a special word for it: the Turks called it Türe and the Mongols called it Yasa . In the system of Türe and Yasa , imperial law was regarded as the essential and sacred foundation of the empire. When this tradition collided with the Islamic Shari'ah tradition, a compromised system combining both was formed.
The Sultanic laws were first collected together by Mehmed the Conqueror. Mehmed divided the kanun into two separate sets or laws. The first set dealt with the organization of government and the military, and the second set dealt with the taxation and treatment of the peasantry. The latter group was added to after the death of Mehmed and the Ottoman kanun pretty much crystallized into its final form in 1501. Suleyman, for his part, revised the law code, but on the whole the Suleyman code of laws is pretty identical to the 1501 system of laws. However, it was under Suleyman that the laws took their final form; no more revisions were made after his reign. From this point onwards, this code of laws was called, kanun-i 'Osmani , or the "Ottoman laws."
Hope this helps
Scottish philosopher who wrote The Wealth of Nations in 1776. Argued that money in and of itself did not constitute wealth wealth but merely its marker. He advocated Laissez-faire economic theory. Adam Smith also said that individuals should freely pursue their own economic interests
People find food in this time period at there local supermarket. However, the only reason we are able to do this is because of farmers.
Some common things that people do in this time period for a living are that they become teachers and construction workers so that our children receive an education and so that we can continue to evolve.
People live where they live in this time period because they no longer have to work as hard as our ancestors did. We dont have to fight for survival but instead, we can live in peace.
FOCUS QUESTION:
*Civilization really hasn't changed over the years that much because us humans still break our backs to get to the goal that we would like to accomplish. But there has been maybe a few bit of some changes, we have technology now, we can do a bit more things that we couldn't have done back then in history.
*Civilization changed over time because we needed it to, Because we actually wanted it to. Through the years we worked hard as a slave just to feed our families, so basically civilization changed for such a good reason. Civilization changed for Us.
