Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area of a leaf when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels decline is most analogous to a human
B. putting more red blood cells into circulation when atmospheric oxygen levels decline.
<h3>What are stomata?</h3>
The stomata are apertures in the epidermis, each bounded by two guard cells. There are small openings on the lower surface of the leaves. These pores are called stomata. Loss of water from the stomata creates an upward pull, that is suction pull, which helps in the absorption of water from the roots. That is helpful for the transpiration process. They help in exchange for gases. Any of the tiny pores or openings in the epidermis of leaves and young stems are referred to as a stomate, sometimes known as a stoma, the plural of which is stoma or stomas. On the underside of the leaves, stomata tend to be more numerous. They enable the exchange of gases between the atmosphere outside and the leaf's branching network of interconnected air canals.
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Answer:
The soil and rocks in the zone of aeration have pores which are partially filled with water and air. The zone of saturation comprises rocks and soil whose pores are saturated with water. 3. The zone of saturation lies beneath the water table, while the zone of aeration lies above it.
Explanation:
Answer/Explanation:
(1) a mutation in the coding region, resulting in an inactive protein
To check to see if there is a mutation, you could extract the DNA from the cancer cells and then perform PCR to amplify the gene of interest. You could then perform sanger sequencing and compare the sequence to the normal gene to see if a mutation is present. To test the effect of the mutation, you would want to see if an active protein has been formed.
To see if a normal sized protein has been formed, you could perform a western blot, comparing the protein band to the WT protein band. If the protein is absent or much smaller, it is likely not a functional protein.
(2) epigenetic silencing at the promoter of the gene, resulting in reduced transcription.
To check for changes in the epigenetic landscape of the promoter, you could perform chromatin immunoprecipitation by extracting the chromatin from the tumour cells and using antibodies for different chromatin marks to see what has changed between the normal cells and the tumor cells. E.g. H3K9me3, H3K27me3. You would perform a pull down with the antibody of interest and then PCR for your promoter to specifically look at changes at that gene compared to normal cells. To test DNA methylation, you could perform bisulfite sequencing.
To see how transcription is affected, you could extract RNA from the tumor and normal cells, and compare the levels of RNA between the two samples by qRT-PCR
