The unforseen attack on Pearl Harbor...(which led to WWII)
No, developed countries aren't facing the challenge of hight birth rates, instead, they are facing problems like: corruption, bad policies, and lack of infrastructure along with conflict from other countries or within their own.
The main cause of shift from Paleolithic(Old Stone Age)to the Neolithic Age(New Stone Age) is that the temperatures were getting warmer, so now this shift was a great impact on the population.. Now people were able to be sedentary because of the warmer climates and make new civizilations, laws, and government structures.
Nailed By,
Vixinus