An arch is only like one line but a dome is a full circle
So i can only answer a few of these...
I'm A violist so I'm learning the other clefs.
I still don't know bass clef though.
1) a,b,c,c,c,b,c,d,d,d,c,b,c.....(I don't know how long you want me to go on but i'm stopping here.)
4) metzo forte
5) staccato
Adele Goldberg and Robert Flegal of Xerox Palo Alto Research Center in 1982.
i hope this helps chu