Question

Based on what you have learned about determinism, why would compatibilism be referred to as “soft determinism?”

Answer 1

Compatibilism is a philosophy that says that free will and determinism can be compatible. It is known as "soft determinism" because it features the main arguments of determinism, but removes one of the more difficult aspects of determinism to accept, which is the absence of free will. 

Compatibilism defines free will differently. It defines it as the ability to act according to your own motives and interests without being hindered.  This is different from the deterministic idea that even if you think you're acting according to free will, your actions are really the inevitable result of every event that preceded them.

I will leave the second two questions to you, since I do not have access to the site and will 5 paragraphs. 

Here is a starter for the essay: 

libertarianism: a philosophy that puts the greatest value of freedom and autonomy, and seeks to maximize the individual's right to make decisions for his or herself. 

As it relates to determinism, compatibility, and indeterminism: 

Libertarianism is all about the supremacy of an individual's freedom to choose for himself what is in his best interests, and to have complete autonomy in his actions. This idea does not directly contradict any of the three. The distinguishing characteristic is how exactly one defines free will, and whether or not it truly exists.