Answer:
Genetic engineering has been applied in numerous fields including research, medicine, industrial biotechnology and agriculture. In research GMOs are used to study gene function and expression through loss of function, gain of function, tracking and expression experiments.
Explanation:
Carbon dioxide can be transported through the blood via three methods. It is dissolved directly in the blood, bound to plasma proteins or hemoglobin, or converted into bicarbonate.
The majority of carbon dioxide is transported as part of the bicarbonate system. Carbon dioxide diffuses into red blood cells. Inside, carbonic anhydrase converts carbon dioxide into carbonic acid (H2CO3), which is subsequently hydrolyzed into bicarbonate (HCO3−) and H+. The H+ ion binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, and bicarbonate is transported out of the red blood cells in exchange for a chloride ion. This is called the chloride shift.
Bicarbonate leaves the red blood cells and enters the blood plasma. In the lungs, bicarbonate is transported back into the red blood cells in exchange for chloride. The H+ dissociates from hemoglobin and combines with bicarbonate to form carbonic acid with the help of carbonic anhydrase, which further catalyzes the reaction to convert carbonic acid back into carbon dioxide and water. The carbon dioxide is then expelled from the lungs.
Genetic material composed of DNA
If a long-day plant has a critical night length of 9 hours, a 24 -hour cycle of 14 hours light / 10 hours dark would prevent flowering.
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits and form clade angiosperms, commonly called angiosperms.
The term “angiosperm” is derived from the Greek angeion (“vessel”) and sperma (“seed”) and refers to plants that produce seeds that are encased in fruit.
By far the most diverse group of land plants, with 64 orders, 416 families, about 13,000 known genera, and 300,000 known species. In earlier days, angiosperms were also called Magnoliophyta.
Many flowers have bright colors, strong scents and sweet nectar to attract pollinators. It can attract insects, birds, mammals and even reptiles.
When visiting flowers, pollinators pick up pollen from the anthers. When pollinators visit the next flower, some of the pollen sheds the stigma. This allows for cross-pollination and increases genetic diversity.
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