A. a place where a specific group of people used to stay
Explanation:
since the sentence includes "in their original haunts in the Middle East" we can believe that the Middle East is where the terrorists are staying/living/often go to
It would be the girls’ dogs since there are multiple owners of the dogs. You keep the girls plural and use the apostrophe at the end to make it girls’ since it is both plural and possessive.
The author is trying to say that it's worthless to be classified as a citizen if you cannot vote, just as it is worthless to have a boat if you have no oars.