The correct answer is: "Saladin "
Al-Nāsir Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb (in Kurdish, Selahedînê Eyûbî, in Arabic, صلاح الدين يوسف بن أيوب), better known in the West as Saladin, Saladin, Salahadin or Saladine (1138, Tikrit (Iraq) - March 4 of 1193, Damascus), was one of the great rulers of the Islamic world, being sultan of Egypt and Syria and including in its domains Palestine, Mesopotamia, Yemen, Hijaz and Libya. With him began the Ayyubid dynasty, which would rule Egypt and Syria after his death.
Defender of Islam and particularly of the religious orthodoxy represented by Sunnism, politically and religiously unified the Middle East by fighting and leading the fight against the Crusader Christians and ending doctrines far from the official Muslim cult represented by the Abbasid Caliphate. He is particularly known for having defeated the Crusaders in the Battle of Hattin, after which he again occupied Jerusalem for the Muslims and took the Holy Land. The impact of this event in the West led to the Third Crusade led by Richard I of England, which became mythical for both Westerners and Muslims.
His fame transcended the temporal and became a symbol of medieval chivalry, even for his enemies. He is still a much admired figure in Arab, Kurdish and Muslim religion.
So people could read the bible and protect themselves from sin
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
You forgot to include the choices of the questions. Without the choices, we do not have references. However, hope we can help with the following comments.
Jus ad bellum is the kind of legislation that authorizes the transition from a state of peace and agreement to a state of war, where the use of the armed forces is justified. It implies that just a legitimate authority can wage war when no other option is left. Just ad bellum have some principles, that include: right authority, right intention, proportionality, reasonable hope, and last intention, which can be understood as the case in which war is the last resource after a long period of diplomacy and negotiation, under the right authority and the valid reasons to proceed as the last resource to solve an issue.
The Manifest Destiny which stated that the U.S. had a God-given right to all of the land in North America
