<span>Maximum number of ATP re produced during the electron transport chain and chemoosmosis. During glycolysis and krebs cycle, 4 ATP are produced in total. During the ETC of oxidatie phosphorylation, 4 ATPs are produced.</span>
Answer:
- In terrestrial environments: increasing CO2 levels cause an increased photosynthetic rate
- In aquatic environments: increasing CO2 levels cause an increase in water acidity
- In both terrestrial and aquatic environments: increasing CO2 levels lead to an overall increase in the average temperature (global warming)
Explanation:
In terrestrial ecosystems, rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels increase the rate of photosynthesis (since CO2 is one of the reactants in photosynthesis), thereby also increasing plant growth. Moreover, in aquatic ecosystems, rising CO2 concentrations increase the levels of this gas dissolved on the surface of the oceans. This increases the acidity of the oceans, thereby modifying habitats and food web structures. The increasing acidity of the oceans also reduces the amounts of carbonate, which difficult for aquatic species (e.g., corals) to form their shells/skeletons. Finally, CO2 is a greenhouse gas that contributes to the increase in the average temperature by absorbing solar radiation that would otherwise have been reflected by the Earth's surface, and this increase in the temperature negatively affects life in both terrestrial and aquatic environments.
Answer:
C. the medulla oblongata, which is in contact with cerebrospinal fluid, monitors pH and uses this measure to control breathing.
Explanation:
The central chemoreceptors are located near the medulla inside the blood-brain barrier. When CO2 in cerebrospinal fluid increases, pH of the fluid lower (because CO2 becomes hydrated to carbonic acid). Change in pH stimulates the central chemoreceptors to activate respiratory centers which will increase the respiratory rate and depth of breathing.
Answer:
X is the quantity value
Explanation:
To calculate the variance follow these steps: Work out the Mean (the simple average of the numbers) Then for each number: subtract the Mean and square the result (the squared difference). Then work out the average of those squared differences. Then the standard deviation of X is the quantity. (derived using the properties of expected value). In other words, the standard deviation σ (sigma) is the square root of the variance of X; i.e., it is the square root of the average value of (X − μ)2.