African Americans have made numerous contributions to American society and culture. Many major cultural advancements from African Americans have come in literature, music, the arts, and many academic fields. African Americans have contributed enormously to the growth of different styles of music in the United States, one notable example is Jazz. African American artists were many of the earliest Jazz musicians and spread the musical style across the country and the world.
The person who has been known up until today as the "father of modern economics" is Adam Smith. A thinker and philosopher from Scotland, born in 1723 and died in 1790, Adam Smith was given this important title because of his ideas and theories on laissez-fair and the tendency of free markets to regulate themselves by way of competition, supply, demand and self-interest. He wrote several books where he proposed his economic ideas, among which we have: The Theory of Moral Sentiments, where he expresses this ideal of a hidden hand, which means the capacity of markets to autoregulate and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. He was also the proponent of the theory of compensating wage differentials, which states that jobs that are riskier pay much better wages to workers because of the risk they represent, versus jobs that offer little to no risk. He is also known as the father of Capitalism.
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In re Debs "In the matter of Debs"
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These amendments were intended to guarantee freedom to former slaves and to establish and prevent discrimination in certain civil rights to former slaves and all citizens of the United States. The promise of these amendments was eroded by state laws and federal court decisions throughout the late 19th century.
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They had strong Navy's and had grown strong due to port tradeing