Answer:
D, the Byzantine Empire.
Explanation:
Ask for explanation if you want one.
This is a bit of a complicated question, while the church SAID that they where trying to reclaim the holy land, but it was actually mostly started for political reasons.
Muslims and Christians actually got along fairly well in the 8th century. But with the Battle of Manzikert, the tension increased with the empire. Not to mention at this time the holy roman empire (HRE) had a large controversy, where people wondered if the catholic church of the HRE had the right to appoint clerics and other church officials.
This all lead to an increase in care in religion and with propaganda of a "just war" being spread around by the Papacy the war was inevitable.
The answer would be B because Afonso tired to end it while others encouraged it
ANSWER: B
Simply put, their actions have caused an increase in the amount of security in our country. The technology for public safety also has been greatly developed in the post cold war era. In terms of policies I would say there are more limitations/restrictions to things you can bring on a plane and things like that. Hope this helps...