It is known as cloning! Hope this helped!
No. Medical progress is allowing us to progress and evolve in different ways. That is the only difference. Having medical progress and good medical care allows us to pursue different types of activites we wouldn't be able to pursue otherwise. This at the same time brings a different type of evolution.
The Anti-diuretic Hormone helps to control blood pressure by acting on the kidneys and the blood vessels. Its most important role is to conserve the fluid volume of your body by reducing the amount of water passed out in the urine. And so in times of dehydration it could help your body save more water. I think the statement is correct.
C. A vertebrate because a vertebrate animal has a backbone. :)
Hope this helps! ;)