The famous accomplishment of the Persian Empire during its most powerful emperor Darius is the enormous expansion of the empire and the mode of rule and the advanced bureaucracy of that time. Namely, the Darius Empire encompassed most of Western Asia, the Northern Caucasus, parts of the Balkans, most of the Black Sea, the Indus Valley, parts of North Africa, including Egypt, East Syria.
He improved the rule by introducing an official Aramaic language at the level of the government, introduced the unitary monetary system, as well as the introduction of Satraps. The Satraps were the provincial governors elected from these areas, who best understood the habits and customs of the local population, and everything that was happening in the provinces was reported to Darius.
He expanded by conquering China and developing the Yuan Dynasty
In 139 B.C.E., the Chinese emperor dispatched Zhang Qian to central Asia to seek allies against the Xiongnu. The Xiongnu were a large confederation of Eurasian nomads who dominated the Asian Steppe.
Encomiendas are a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area.
