Same Sex Marriage. One state has it, federal law prohibits it. Many states also prohibit it and prohibit recognizing such a marriage from another state. (In essence violating the full faith and credit clause of the constitution, but there are lots of examples that in law) The US supreme court has not weighed in. So the issue is open. This issue could go lots of ways, depending on what cases get to the supreme court.
The correct option is: by using short, punchy phrases.
Explanation
In this case, the writer (Lewis Carroll), uses a sentence structure that is short with punchy phrases to speed up the pace of the writing, instead of using long sentences.
As a result, while you read the passage, it gives you a sensation of speed and produces more impact on the reader.