3. To stoke hatred of Jews, Catholics, and immigrants.
He was an American labor leader and civil rights activist
The answer would be : A. Appearance of literature in vernacular languages
Before the advancement, only the nobles and the scholar can enjoy the art of literature, since it was all written in Latin . In the middle ages, the literature started to be written in vernacular languages , which refer to the common tongue language and it become more accessible to he people
I would say 30,000 cause all the next developments were from the 1860's forward and that is when huge growth happened, after 1860.