I believe this is true (parallel to the equator)
A royal colony is the definition of the answer.
Thomas Paine made this statement to:
C. convince people to support the independence movement.
This article was made in support of the Revolutionary War, he wouldn't have gone with A or B. Native Americans did not have an important side in this argument. D is also incorrect because even though he did imply this, it is not the topic.
It is true because the popes where in charge of the church