The ancient society that observed monotheism, belief in only one god is option b) Jews.
The Jews have been believing that the supreme power is only one and hence have been practicing monotheism. They have been long since ages followed this tradition along with Islam, Christianity, Judaism etc.
Monotheism is the tradition of believing one god or one power different from that of polytheism. However, it is not the oneness but the uniqueness that counts in monotheism. Many at times it is considered as just numbers, as one god vs many gods or goddess. This it oversimplified and is mistaken often by people.
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Family
It is the primary socialization agent. The other three are peer, school and mass media.
The family is responsible for inculcating religiuos believes that forms the core of non-material culture. It is from the family, especially the first five years, that the notion of right or wrong is incalcated.
Non-material values are like love,hardwork, ethics,godliness,kindness.
Depends, which boycott are we talking about? I'm guessing you are talking about the Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a civil-rights movement in the 1950's where African Americans refused to ride city buses because of segregated seats. It started because of a woman named Rosa Parks who refused to give up her bus seat to a white man who had boarded the bus. She was arrested for this, and this sparked the boycott. Martin Luther King Jr. lead this movement and made it to Supreme Court, ruling that segregated buses were unconstitutional, and the boycott ended successfully.
Hope that helped :)