Question

Rank the following one-base point mutations (from most likely to least likely) with respect to their likelihood of affecting the structure of the corresponding polypeptide:
1. insertion mutation deep within an intron
2. substitution mutation at the third position of an exonic codon
3. substitution mutation at the second position of an exonic codon
4. deletion mutation within the first exon of the gene
A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 4, 3, 2, 1
C) 2, 1, 4, 3
D) 3, 1, 4, 2
E) 2, 3, 1, 4

Answer 1

The correct answer is option B,  4, 3, 2, 1

Deletion Mutation is the prime cause of affecting the structure of the polypeptide. Also the nearness to the ends of the nucleotide chains destabilizes the structure. While substitution mutation changes the characteristics, deletion mutation destablises the polypeptide chain.

Answer 2

The Order is:

B) 4, 3, 2, 1

4. deletion mutation within the first exon of the gene

3. substitution mutation at the second position of an exonic codon

2. substitution mutation at the third position of an exonic codon

1. insertion mutation deep within an intron

Further explanation

Polypeptide is another name for protein. Polypeptides are composed of amino acids that are connected to each other by peptide bonds forming themselves like chains.

Protein is a substance that is very important for the life of living things. The word protein comes from the Greek protos or proteos which means first or foremost.

Humans obtain protein from plants and animals because they cannot form proteins. Protein obtained or derived from animals is called animal protein, while protein obtained from plants is called vegetable protein. Some foods that contain protein include milk, fish, eggs, and meat.

The protein consumed by humans and animals will be used to:

• The formation and growth of the body by binding to lipids or fats, or inorganic substances such as phosphorus into phospholipids.
• As a biocatalyst, which is a protein that makes up an enzyme, works to enhance chemical reactions in the body.
• Transporting various types of gas. For example, the type of protein that builds hemoglobin in red blood cells (erythrocytes), works to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide from the lungs throughout the body and vice versa.
• As an antigen or antibody against foreign substances that enter the human body, such as white blood cells.
• Energy sources. Protein can be made as fuel to produce energy if it uses the main energy source, namely carbohydrates, is increasing deficiency, or because of overactive muscle activity.
• As a substance that strengthens the bond between bone and meat, for example, tendons and collagen.
• For storage, for example, storage for blood and gliadin to store amino acids in dormant wheat seeds.

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Details

Class: high school

Subjects: biology

Keyword: polypeptide, protein, gene