The answer to this question is psychodynamic....
Im not shur but i think your answer is d corporal punishment and taxes
Had a more moderate, agriculturally productive climate in the past than today, especially in Mesopotamia and the Nile valley
Citation: https://www.britannica.com/place/Fertile-Crescent
<span>A memo from the deputy directors to the Airport Board is an example of an upward organizational message.
An upward organizational flow or message is where the information goings from the bottom to the top. In this case, the message is going from the deputy directors to the Airport Board. The Airport Board is "above" the deputy directors in terms of authority and ranking within the organization so the message is traveling upward.</span>
Answer: diffusion of responsibility
Explanation: Diffusion of responsibility is a phenomenon which occurs when an individual is reluctant to take responsibility simply because he or she feels other are present and should take up the responsibility. It often occurs when the request to take up certain responsibilities is directed to people in a group rather than to a specified person.
In the scenario above, Katcha expects three volunteers will definitely arise either because she taught it is their responsibility to do so, and unless they do not volunteer, then she can take up the responsibility.