The peripheral nervous system refers to parts of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord. It includes the cranial nerves, spinal nerves and their roots and branches, peripheral nerves, and neuromuscular junctions.
Answer:
<u>Motor neurons </u>send messages to the muscles and glands to respond to stimuli.
<u>Sensory neurons </u>move information towards the central nervous system for processing.
<u>Interneurons </u>carry information from one type of neuron to another.
Explanation:
- Neurons are basic structural and functional units of Nervous system.
- Neurons possess electrical excitability, the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into a action potential.
- Neurons can be classified on the basis of their structure and function.
- On the basis of structure neurons are classified as, Multipolar neuron;Bipolar neuron; Unipolar neuron.
- On the basis of function neurons are classified as, Afferent or sensory neuron; Efferent or motor neurons; Interneurons or association neurons.
Answer:
Low pressure spins counterclockwise, causing weather systems to move from west to east in the Northern Hemisphere.
This is due to lower air pressure further North America than in the tropics. Since low-pressure systems spin counterclockwise, winds move from the west to the east.
Prevailing weather results from expansive convection currents formed by the temperature differences on the surface of the earth as latitude increases. The Coriolis effect adds the twist.
I got this from a few sites so use this information as you want and be careful <3
The structure of a typical antibody molecule
Antibodies are the secreted form of the B-cell receptor. An antibody is identical to the B-cell receptor of the cell that secretes it except for a small portion of the C-terminus of the heavy-chain constant region. In the case of the B-cell receptor the C-terminus is a hydrophobic membrane-anchoring sequence, and in the case of antibody it is a hydrophilic sequence that allows secretion. Since they are soluble, and secreted in large quantities, antibodies are easily obtainable and easily studied. For this reason, most of what we know about the B-cell receptor comes from the study of antibodies.
Antibody molecules are roughly Y-shaped molecules consisting of three equal-sized portions, loosely connected by a flexible tether. Three schematic representations of antibody structure, which has been determined by X-ray crystallography, are shown in Fig. 3.1. The aim of this part of the chapter is to explain how this structure is formed and how it allows antibody molecules to carry out their dual tasks—binding on the one hand to a wide variety of antigens, and on the other hand to a limited number of effector molecules and cells. As we will see, each of these tasks is carried out by separable parts of the molecule. The two arms of the Y end in regions that vary between different antibody molecules, the V regions. These are involved in antigen binding, whereas the stem of the Y, or the C region, is far less variable and is the part that interacts with effector cells and molecules.
