The answer is d. The first amendment only establishes that the government is not allowed to restrict the right to speech, free press, assembly, petition, and most importantly to the free practice of religion. This means that people are free to practice whatever they want to, i.e they are not restricted by the state and the state is not influenced by religion (kind of). The other answers have nothing to do with the first amendment.
Superposition is the geologic principle which explains why the bottom stratum in a section of rock is the oldest. The word literally means placing one thing on top of another where the lower strata are the older.
