Question

1. For this task, you will imagine that you are a reporter for a scientific magazine. Your task is to explain the process of protein synthesis to someone who does NOT have a science background. Therefore, the explanation needs to be in simple enough terms for anyone to understand. 3. You must also include the following terms: - Double helix - Helicase - Codon - Polymerase - 5’ cap - Poly (A) tail - Introns - Exons - Splicesomes - rRNA, tRNA, mRNA - Ribosomes - Anticodons - E site, P site, A site - Initiation - Elongation - Termination

Answer 1

Protein synthesis is a biological process whereby individual cells build their own specific proteins. In the process of protein synthesis, it involves both ribonucleic acid (RNA) and (deoxyribonucleic acid) DNA. This process initiates in cell’s nucleus whereby some specific enzymes unwind the needed part of DNA and makes it accessible and a copy of RNA is made. In transcription DNA double helix which is used as a template is where information of DNA is copied to RNA as one strand.

RNA which are sent to cytoplasm helps to bring components which require for protein synthesis for example ribosomes, amino acids, transport RNA. mRNA is a messenger which is produced in the nucleus when a copy of RNA of protein genetic information encodes in DNA molecule. mRNA exits nucleus and goes into cytoplasm then it interacts with cellular structures called ribosomes and functions as cell’s assemblers in the process of protein synthesis.

RNA molecule or rRNA and proteins are contained in ribosomes whereby rRNA is organized into subunits and mRNA binds to one of the ribosomes sub-unit. mRNA interacts with ribosome sub-unit and makes the approach of another RNA molecule known as RNA or tRNA. tRNA possess a sequence of three bases or anticodon which corresponds codon within the mRNA sequence where elongation takes place. If matching of anticodons of tRNA is found, tyrosine then forms a peptide bond. Amino acids are hydrolyzed from tRNA when protein synthesis is terminated after mRNA is reached