Antibodies are produced when the body is exposed to antigens.
During an initial encounter with a foreign antigen, the body's immune system namely the adaptive arm of the immune system, produces memory cells, a group of special lymphocytes that retain and store memory of the antigen.
On a second encounter with the same kind of antigen, the immune system "remembers" the antigen and mounts a rapid, specific and vigorous immune response against the antigen. This response includes the production of massive amounts of antibodies very specific to the antigen.
The antibodies effectively neutralize the antigen and facilitate its destruction.
Answer:
The predicted genotype of the offspring is GgRr.
Explanation:
The gray body is dominant over black body. The genotype of gray body is GG and the genotype of black body is gg. Red eyes are dominant over orange eyes. The genotype for red eye is RR whereas the genotype of orange eye is rr.
GGRR is crossed with ggrr, the offspring produced by this cross is GgRr with gray body and red eyes.
GGRR × ggrr
GgRr.
Two examples of organisms who do not reproduce sexually are:
1. Yeast
2. Hydra
They are considered to have originated from cyanobacteria through endosymbiosis—when a eukaryotic cell engulfed a photosynthesizing cyanobacterium that became a permanent resident in the cell
The seeds an evolutionary advantage for seed plants because seeds develop into adults without sxual reproduction.
<h3>What is the evolutionary importance of the seed?</h3>
Seeds play an important role in the dispersion of plant species, that is, they ensure that plants spread throughout the environment. In addition to guaranteeing a greater area of domain for the species, competition between the newly born plant and the mother plant is also avoided.
Seeds allow the expansion of a type of plant around the world in addition to being a form of asexual reproduction that makes it unnecessary to join gametes.
See more about seeds at brainly.com/question/15976369
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