While Louis Pasteur was the one that procured the germ theory of disease that explains that diseases are caused by microorganisms, the first researcher that provided direct experimental data to support the said theory is Robert Koch.
Robert Koch developed a criteria for the causality of disease from microorganisms called the Koch's postulates. The Koch's postulates indicate that:
(1) The bacteria must be present in every case of the disease
(2) <span>The bacteria must be extracted and isolated from the host with the disease and should be directly visualized and/or grown in culture
(3) There must be a healthy experimental host that will reproduce the disease once the isolated bacteria is injected
(4) The bacteria should be recoverable from the previously healthy host
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Two major steps are needed to obtain a protein from a gene. Transcription makes it possible to obtain a copy of the gene present on the chromosome, in the form of a messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation is the stage during which this mRNA is read by the ribosome to obtain a protein.
DNA replication is associated with photocopy because replication will give an identical copy of the cell DNA.
Transcription is associated with book printing because in transcription the genetic information will be transferred to another platform (RNA)
Nucleus in a Library since this is where the "book printing" occurs, and where the books (DNA) are
DNA is the book, where all the information are
RNA transcript is the photocopy
Translation is the cooking since it is the protein synthesis
Proteins/polypeptide is the cooking objective, so it is the prepared dish
RNA polymerase is the Xerox machine, it will copy the information in the DNA to RNA transcript
Ribosomes is the cooks, because this is where translation occurs
Activator protein are the bookmarks because it choose wich part of DNA it has to be transcript.
Explanation:
There are several types of antibodies and antigens, and each antibody is capable of binding only to a specific antigen. ... Antigens are bound to antibodies through weak and noncovalent interactions such as electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, Van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions.
Antibodies attach to a specific antigen and make it easier for the immune cells to destroy the antigen. T lymphocytes attack antigens directly and help control the immune response. They also release chemicals, known as cytokines, which control the entire immune response.
DNA replication goes in the 5' to 3' direction because DNA polymerase acts on the 3'-OH of the existing strand for adding free nucleotides. DNA replication can take place both the directions chemically. ... But these nucleotide triphosphates hydrolyze spontaneously under aqeuous conditions.
