The answer is D, the other answers are subtracting and multiplying.
The pronoun needs to agree with the subject. So clearly "A. We" doesn't work in this sentence... The answer is "B." since the subject is about the author... So the sentence should look like this: "My little brother threw the ball toward Steve and I"
in that paragraph, the expression Mounting evidence could be a bit confusing, but it indicates that there's been reaserch about it before, and that it all points in the same direction, the more research proving the same point means the data is convincing. The answer is D.