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In the history of art, formalism refers to the study of art by analyzing the purely visual aspects of an object and how they're made. It compares both form and style and emphasizes elements of composition such as line, texture, shape, color, and other aspects of perception. Formalism is not influenced by the historical/social context or the iconography of the subject.
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In basic terms, shape describes a flat, enclosed area of space. Shapes can be constructed with colors and lines, but all shapes are limited to two dimensions – width and length. Curves and other irregular, flowy shapes are known as organic shapes, while angular shapes like squares and triangles are geometric shapes.
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Manet, in turn, appropriated Titian's Venus of Urbino and placed her within a contemporary 19th-century setting of a prostitute's boudoir. In his appropriation, Manet subverts a traditional painting to create a contemporary dialogue about everyday life in Paris
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