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3 years ago

8

Think about the broader issues of the American Revolution that you have learned about in this lesson, including the video. Ident

ify and explain how at least one of the perspectives you identified in the speech points to the causes of the war.

1 answer:

nordsb [41]3 years ago

3 0

Answer:

There was growing disagreement between the colonists and Britain. The colonists believed that Britain’s taxes on the colonists were unfair. Also, Britain passed laws that restricted some of the colonists' basic rights. The colonists' need to be free stemmed from their desire to have their rights restored. They wanted a government that would be fair to them. These factors led the colonists to separate from Britain, which ultimately led to war.

Step-by-step explanation:

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3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

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3 years ago

Trouble finding arclength calc 2

kiruha [24]

Answer:

$S\approx1.1953$

Step-by-step explanation:

So we have the function:

$y=3-x^2$

And we want to find the arc-length from:

$0\leq x\leq \sqrt3/2$

By differentiating and substituting into the arc-length formula, we will acquire:

$\displaystyle S=\int\limits^\sqrt3/2}_0 {\sqrt{1+4x^2} \, dx$

To evaluate, we can use trigonometric substitution. First, notice that:

$\displaystyle S=\int\limits^\sqrt3/2}_0 {\sqrt{1+(2x)^2} \, dx$

Let's let y=2x. So:

$y=2x\\dy=2\,dx\\\frac{1}{2}\,dy=dx$

We also need to rewrite our bounds. So:

$y=2(\sqrt3/2)=\sqrt3\\y=2(0)=0$

So, substitute. Our integral is now:

$\displaystyle S=\frac{1}{2}\int\limits^\sqrt3}_0 {\sqrt{1+y^2} \, dy$

Let's multiply both sides by 2. So, our length S is:

$\displaystyle 2S=\int\limits^\sqrt3}_0 {\sqrt{1+y^2} \, dy$

Now, we can use trigonometric substitution.

Note that this is in the form a²+x². So, we will let:

$y=a\tan(\theta)$

Substitute 1 for a. So:

$y=\tan(\theta)$

Differentiate:

$y=\sec^2(\theta)\, d\theta$

Of course, we also need to change our bounds. So:

$\sqrt3=\tan(\theta), \theta=\pi/3\\0=\tan(\theta), \theta=0$

Substitute:

$\displaystyle 2S= \int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 {\sqrt{1+\tan^2(\theta)}\sec^2(\theta) \, d\theta$

The expression within the square root is equivalent to (Pythagorean Identity):

$\displaystyle 2S= \int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 {\sqrt{\sec^2(\theta)}\sec^2(\theta) \, d\theta$

Simplify:

$\displaystyle 2S= \int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 (\sec(\theta))\sec^2(\theta) \, d\theta$

Now, we have to evaluate this integral. To do this, we can use integration by parts. So, let's let u=sec(θ) and dv=sec²(θ). Therefore:

$u=\sec(\theta)\\du=\sec(\theta)\tan(\theta)\, d\theta$

And:

$dv=\sec^2(\theta)\, d\theta\\v=\tan(\theta)$

Integration by parts:

$\displaystyle 2S= \int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 (\sec(\theta))\sec^2(\theta) \, d\theta=\sec(\theta)\tan(\theta)-(\int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 {\tan^2(\theta)\sec(\theta)} \, d\theta)$

Again, let's using the Pythagorean Identity, we can rewrite tan²(θ) as:

$\displaystyle 2S= \int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 (\sec(\theta))\sec^2(\theta) \, d\theta=\sec(\theta)\tan(\theta)-(\int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 {(\sec^2(\theta)-1)\sec(\theta)} \, d\theta)$

Distribute:

$\displaystyle 2S= \int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 (\sec(\theta))\sec^2(\theta) \, d\theta=\sec(\theta)\tan(\theta)-(\int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 {(\sec^3(\theta)-\sec(\theta)} \, d\theta)$

Now, let's make the single integral into two integrals. So:

$\displaystyle 2S= \int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 (\sec(\theta))\sec^2(\theta) \, d\theta=\sec(\theta)\tan(\theta)-(\int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 {\sec^3(\theta)\, d\theta-\int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 {\sec(\theta)}\, d\theta)$

Distribute the negative:

$\displaystyle 2S= \int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 (\sec(\theta))\sec^2(\theta) \, d\theta=\sec(\theta)\tan(\theta)-\int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 {\sec^3(\theta)\, d\theta+\int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 {\sec(\theta)}\, d\theta$

Notice that the integral in the first equation and the second integral in the second equation is the same. In other words, we can add the second integral in the second equation to the integral in the first equation. So:

$\displaystyle 2S= 2\int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 (\sec(\theta))\sec^2(\theta) \, d\theta=\sec(\theta)\tan(\theta)+\int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 {\sec(\theta)}\, d\theta$

Divide the second and third equation by 2. So: $\displaystyle 2S= \int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 (\sec(\theta))\sec^2(\theta) \, d\theta=\frac{1}{2}(\sec(\theta)\tan(\theta)+\int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 {\sec(\theta)}\, d\theta)$

Now, evaluate the integral in the second equation. This is a common integral, so I won't integrate it here. Namely, it is:

$\displaystyle 2S= \int\limits^{\pi/3}_0 (\sec(\theta))\sec^2(\theta) \, d\theta=\frac{1}{2}(\sec(\theta)\tan(\theta)+\ln(\tan(\theta)+\sec(\theta))$

Therefore, our arc length will be equivalent to:

$\displaystyle 2S=\frac{1}{2}(\sec(\theta)\tan(\theta)+\ln(\tan(\theta)+\sec(\theta)|_{0}^{\pi/3}$

Divide both sides by 2:

$\displaystyle S=\frac{1}{4}(\sec(\theta)\tan(\theta)+\ln(\tan(\theta)+\sec(\theta)|_{0}^{\pi/3}$

Evaluate:

$S=\frac{1}{4}((\sec(\pi/3)\tan(\pi/3)+\ln(\tan(\pi/3)+\sec(\pi/3))-(\sec(0)\tan(0)+\ln(\tan(0)+\sec(0))$

Evaluate:

$S=\frac{1}{4}((2\sqrt3+\ln(\sqrt3+2))-((1)(0)+\ln(0+1))$

Simplify:

$S=\frac{1}{4}(2\sqrt 3+\ln(\sqrt3+2)}$

Use a calculator:

$S\approx1.1953$

And we're done!

7 0

3 years ago