Madison understood that power can corrupt as seen with the kings of their time. So Madison set up the form of government that relies on separate branches of government that operates under checks and balances. This means that no one branch can get too powerful and overrule the other branches. We see this in modern government in the legislative, executive and judicial branches. Madison improved upon the idea that power cannot be held by one man or a few people.
The key cause was economic hardship
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In the early 16th century, the Treaty between Spain and Portugal, concluded at Vitoria; February 19, 1524 and called for the Badajoz Junta to meet in 1524, at which the two countries tried to reach an agreement on the anti-meridian but failed.
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