The answer is A it's the action of purifying water
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Duplication of an ancestral opsin gene occurred in the primate lineage (Old World primates) and subsequent mutations in the new copy resulted in two types of opsin, instead of just one.
<span>Opsins are a group of light-sensitive proteins found in photoreceptor cells (cone cells) of the retina and they are the primary photopigments in primate eyes. Opsins are involved in vision, mediating the conversion of a photon of light into an electrochemical signal, the first step in the visual transduction cascade.</span>
<span>The difference in colour vision between New and Old World primates results from differing arrangements of the photopigment genes on the X chromosome. <span>In Old World primates the three photopigments are required for trichromatic colour vision and they are encoded by two or more X-chromosome photopigment genes and an autosomal photopigment gene. New World monkeys typically have only one X-chromosome pigment gene</span>.</span>
The Toba super volcanic event caused a bottleneck in the human population by inducing an ice age .
I hope that's help !
Pseudo vacuoles are not true organelles since they are just air bubbles which do not possess tonoplast and cell sap like real vacuoles. But they do help by increasing buoyancy of cells.
Two fatty acids ( long chains of Hydrogen and carbon) which are attached to a glycerol head , where the glycerol head is attached to a phosphate group
or generally Phospholipids consist of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.
