This passage is about the speech of President Jackson in Congress, where he defended the process of remorse of the Indians.
The use of the word "progessive" refers to the continuation of a process begun earlier, where the Indians were massacred and expelled from their territories to the detriment of the white man's civilization. The former president used that term as a way to slow down an attitude that today would be understood as barbarism, but one that is part of US history.
The Zhou created the Mandate of Heaven: the idea that there could be only one legitimate ruler of China at a time, and that this ruler had the blessing of the gods. They used this Mandate to justify their overthrow of the Shang, and their subsequent rule.
Answer:
They created a taxation system
The correct answer is “avoiding European affairs”
Even when Europe was moving closer and closer to war in the 1930s, the US Congress passed the Neutrality Acts that demanded a growth in isolationism and non-interventionism. The isolationists defended that the WWI was a failure and the safety of the US was more important than any war in Europe.
